How does a unipolar electrocautery device function?

• A. Current flows through two active electrodes
• B. Current is applied through a handheld active electrode and returns via a grounding pad
• C. It uses radiofrequency waves to coagulate tissues
• D. It operates solely on battery power

Answer: (B)

A unipolar electrocautery device functions by utilizing a single active electrode that is applied directly to the tissue to achieve the desired surgical effect, such as cutting or coagulating. The current is not only transmitted through this active electrode but also requires a return path, which is provided by a grounding pad placed elsewhere on the patient's body. This setup allows for effective control and precision during surgical procedures, making it a widely used tool in surgeries.

The grounding pad is critical for completing the electrical circuit, ensuring that the electrical current can flow through the body and return safely to the device. This setup is essential for the device to work correctly and safely, as it reduces the risk of burns or unintended damage to surrounding tissues.

This method differs significantly from other options. For instance, having two active electrodes refers to a bipolar electrosurgical system, where current passes between two tips on the same instrument. Using radiofrequency waves pertains to certain advanced technologies but does not describe the mechanism of unipolar devices specifically. Additionally, unipolar electrocautery does not operate solely on battery power; it typically requires a connection to an electrosurgical generator that provides the necessary electrical energy.