What characterizes bipolar electrocautery?

• A. It requires two separate instruments to function.
• B. It uses only one electrode that alternates polarity.
• C. Both active and return electrodes are within a single handheld instrument.
• D. It is ineffective in controlling bleeding.

Answer: (C)

Bipolar electrocautery is characterized by having both active and return electrodes integrated into a single handheld instrument. This design typically allows for localized cutting and coagulation by passing an electrical current between the two electrodes located at the tip of the instrument. This arrangement minimizes the risk of electrical burns to surrounding tissues by ensuring that the current flows only between the two electrodes, which are very close to each other, thus limiting the area impacted by the electricity.

Using a single handheld instrument also enhances the surgeon's control over the procedure, as they can precisely target the tissue needing treatment without risking unintended injury to adjacent areas. This characteristic is particularly valuable during delicate surgical procedures where controlling bleeding is essential. The other options describe either features that do not apply to bipolar electrocautery or misrepresent how the device functions.