What defines organic compounds?

• A. Compounds that contain only carbon atoms
• B. Compounds derived solely from minerals
• C. Compounds containing oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen
• D. Compounds that are synthesized in laboratories

Answer: (C)

Organic compounds are primarily defined by their composition, specifically the presence of carbon atoms. While many organic compounds do indeed contain hydrogen and oxygen, the defining characteristic of organic chemistry is the presence of carbon. Organic compounds are typically those that contain carbon in combination with other elements, which may include hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, among others.

The presence of carbon is crucial; it forms the backbone of organic molecules due to its ability to form four covalent bonds, allowing for a diverse range of structures and complex molecules. For example, hydrocarbons, which contain only carbon and hydrogen, are foundational in organic chemistry and illustrate how carbon's bonding capabilities lead to a vast array of organic compounds.

In contrast, while some organic compounds do include oxygen and hydrogen, it is not exclusive to this combination that defines organic compounds. Additionally, the assertion that organic compounds must be derived solely from minerals or synthesized in laboratories does not encompass the full scope of organic compounds found in nature, such as those found in living organisms, which are also considered organic. Thus, while option C emphasizes commonly seen elements found in many organic compounds, the essential definition is primarily focused on the presence of carbon.