What does high-level disinfection aim to destroy?

• A. Only bacteria
• B. Vegetative microorganisms and some bacterial spores
• C. All forms of microorganisms
• D. Only viruses causing significant illness

Answer: (B)

High-level disinfection primarily aims to destroy vegetative microorganisms, which include bacteria that are actively growing and replicating, as well as some bacterial spores. This level of disinfection is particularly crucial in the healthcare setting, where it is essential to reduce the risk of infection from potentially dangerous pathogens that could survive on medical instruments.

Vegetative microorganisms are sensitive to high-level disinfectants but there are some bacterial spores that are tougher and may not be completely eliminated unless ultra-high levels of disinfection or sterilization are employed. This makes high-level disinfection a step below sterilization, which aims to eliminate all forms of microorganisms, including all bacterial spores.

Understanding that high-level disinfection targets a wide range of pathogens but doesn't achieve complete sterility helps highlight its role in infection control protocols. Its appropriate use can significantly reduce infection risks in medical environments, particularly when dealing with items that come into contact with mucous membranes or non-intact skin.