What equipment is primarily used for sterilization using steam under pressure?

• A. Incubator
• B. Ultrasonic cleaner
• C. Autoclave
• D. Surgical scrub station

Answer: (C)

The autoclave is the primary equipment used for sterilization utilizing steam under pressure. This device functions by generating high temperatures and applying pressure to steam, which is effective in killing microorganisms, spores, and pathogens that can be present on surgical instruments and medical equipment. The autoclave operates through a process known as steam sterilization, where saturated steam is used to penetrate the items being sterilized and reach the necessary temperature for a set duration, ensuring a thorough sterilization process.

In the context of surgical instruments, achieving sterilization is critical for preventing infections and ensuring patient safety. The autoclave is specifically designed for this purpose, making it a vital piece of equipment in surgical settings and medical facilities.

The other equipment listed serves different functions; for instance, an incubator is used primarily for growing microorganisms under controlled conditions. An ultrasonic cleaner is intended for cleaning instruments using high-frequency sound waves in a cleaning solution, but it does not achieve sterilization. Meanwhile, a surgical scrub station is utilized for hand hygiene and preparation of personnel before a surgical procedure rather than for sterilizing instruments.