What is the mechanism of thermal disinfection?

• A. Using chemicals to kill microorganisms
• B. Applying heat to reduce microorganisms on a medical device
• C. Using radiation to sterilize medical equipment
• D. Freezing to prevent microbial growth

Answer: (B)

The mechanism of thermal disinfection primarily involves applying heat to significantly reduce the number of microorganisms on a medical device. This method is effective because high temperatures can disrupt cellular structures and processes, leading to the inactivation or death of germs, including bacteria and viruses.

Thermal disinfection utilizes specific temperature levels, typically between 65°C and 100°C, for a designated period to achieve a quantitative reduction in microorganisms. This process does not necessarily achieve complete sterilization, but it reduces microbial load to a safer level, making it suitable for items that do not require complete sterilization but need to be safe for use.

Heat is known to denature proteins and disrupt membranes within the microorganisms, making it a reliable method for disinfection in various healthcare settings. Applying this understanding helps sterilization and disinfection specialists select the appropriate method based on the instrument's material and intended use.